網頁版：http://www.gardenskill.com.tw/edm/2016/01.html

Singapore Takes the Lead
In Green Building in Asia

新加坡在亞洲綠建築拔得頭籌
http://e360.yale.edu/feature/singapore_takes_the_lead_in_green_building_in_asia/2720/

At street level, 313@somerset looks like any other glittering mall in downtown Singapore. But on closer inspection the eight-story building has skylights, solar panels, energy-saving elevators and escalators, highly efficient air-conditioning units, and software that monitors the building’s carbon dioxide emissions.

在街道上，313@薩默塞特看起來就像其他在新加坡市中金光閃閃的購物中心。但若仔細看這八層樓有天窗，太陽能板，節約能源電梯和自動扶梯，高效空氣－空調機和能顯示建築物的二氧化碳排放量。

Across town, a new hotel, Parkroyal on Pickering, displays its green credentials in the form of an artfully tiered façade dotted with tropical ferns and creeping vines. Along with an efficient cooling system, its green perks include rainwater harvesting, lighting sensors, and Certified green buildings account for more than a fifth of the floor area in the island city-state.

穿過城鎮， Parkroyal on Pickering這個新的飯店，在這藝術分層外牆點綴著熱帶蕨類植物和爬行藤蔓，這些綠化植物等面積超過大樓島城地板面積的１／５，展現出它綠建築的證明。
跟隨著有效的冷卻系統，這綠過濾器包含雨水收集，燈光自動開關感應器。

high-performance window glass and hot water pumps. Entering the wood-paneled lobby, which has a wall of tropical mosses, a visitor is reminded of a rainforest — no matter that the building lies in the heart of the banking capital of Southeast Asia.

擁有高性能窗戶玻璃和熱水幫浦，當你一進入木板大廳，會發現有熱帶苔蘚的牆，參
觀的人會以為進入雨林－即使這建築其實位於東南亞的金融中心。

These structures underscore Singapore’s commitment to greening its built environment through generous incentive schemes and a building-rating tool that encourages such improvements as sun-shading exteriors, water-efficient fittings, computer modeling of energy flows and carbon emissions, and highly efficient air conditioning and ventilation systems. Since the rating tool launched in 2005, Singapore’sBuilding and Construction Authority (BCA) has certified 1,534 new buildings and 215 pre-existing ones. Together they account for more than a fifth of gross floor area in this island city-state, which has a population of five million and is roughly half the size of New York City.

這結構展現出新加坡支持綠化他們的建築環境，經過大方的激勵計畫和建築評級，那可以鼓勵這樣改善遮陽外景，節水配件，電腦監控能源流和碳排放量，和高效空調機及通風系統。自從評比工具在２００５年發佈後，

新加坡的建設局已經認證１５３４件新綠建築和２１0５件前綠建築。綜合這些，綠建築在這擁有５００萬人口的島城－大約是紐約的一半大面積，多過１／５總建築。

"As we become more and more urbanized, we want to make sure our built environment is sustainable," says John Keung, the BCA’s chief executive.

"當我們越來越城市化，我們想要確認我們的建築環境是永續的。"　John Keung，新加坡建設局首長如是說。

There is wide agreement among development specialists that promoting green building in Asia has the potential to produce large energy savings and make polluted cities more habitable while partially mitigating the impacts of global warming. The United Nations reports that 40 percent of people in the Asia-Pacific region already live in cities, and by 2050 the figure could reach two thirds. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted that in the coming decades Asian countries will lead increases across the developing world in building-sector emissions from energy use. In China alone, according to the global consultancy McKinsey & Company, the urban population may expand from 572 million in 2005 to 926 million by 2025, requiring the construction
of four to five million new buildings.

在發展專家廣泛的認知裡，若在在亞洲推廣綠建築是有潛力去產生大量的能量節約和讓
汙染的城市更適合居住，特別是緩解全球暖化的影響。聯合國報告在亞太區域４０％的人們已經住在城市，到了２０５０年，比例可能到達２／３。政府的氣候改變專案小組預測在接下來
的十年，亞洲會領導增加發展中的世界在建築業中的能量使用排放。光是中國，根據全球
諮詢公司 McKinsey & Company預估，城市的人口可能在２００５從５﹒７２億，
在２０２５年擴展到９﹒２６億，增加４－５００萬的新建築需求。

Against this backdrop, Singapore has emerged as a model of green building for planners and developers across much of the Asia-Pacific region, where poor design reigns and developers have historically seen little incentive to invest in sustainability, according to Asia-based architects and sustainability experts. Singapore’s BCA is now marketing its rating tool,Green Mark, as a brand in Southeast Asia, China, and parts of tropical Africa — even in countries, such as neighboring Malaysia, where local rating tools offer competing certification systems. Some consultants say the rise of Green Mark is a direct challenge to LEED, or Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, the rating tool of the U.S. Green Building Council. LEED also is expanding in Asia.

針對這背景，根據亞洲建築師和永續專家認為，新加坡已經展現一個綠建築的模型給亞太區域規畫者，提供給那裏有較缺乏創意的設計和發展規劃者，注重歷史性且尋求較少的獎勵去投資永續性發展。新加坡的建築局現在運用它的評分工具，綠色標地，當作東南亞的綠化品牌，在中國，在部分南非－即使在某些國家中，如馬來西亞，自己已有地方性評比工具提供認證系統。一些諮詢者也說綠標地的提升是直接對ＬＥＥＤ，
或是目前能源和環境設計龍頭的挑戰。

The government aims to achieve a 35 percent reduction in the energy intensity of its economy by 2030.

In the fight to reduce carbon emissions, the economic boom in Asia underscores the importance — and the limits — of reducing energy use in commercial and residential buildings. Even with ingapore’s aggressive push in the green building sector, non-industrial electricity consumption in Singapore increased by roughly 23 percent between from 2005 to 2011. That growth was due largely to robust economic expansion, with Singapore’s GDP doubling during that time. The government aims to achieve a 35 percent reduction in the energy intensity of its economy by 2030, which — depending on the rate of economic growth — does not necessarily mean the city-state will be using less electricity overall by that date.

在減少碳排放量的戰爭中，亞洲經濟繁榮特別重要，在面對極限上，能否減少能源在
商業和住宅建築使用。即使新加坡激進推展在綠建築的比例，非工業用電消耗從２００５
到２０１１增加大概２３％。這成長被大部份歸於在新加坡強健的ＧＤＰ加倍經濟擴充的
時期。政府宣稱到２０３０年將在經濟的使用上把能源強度達到３５％的減量，也就是經濟成長率取決於－不必要跟從現今能源消耗成長率，城市狀態將減少整體用電。